Mesopotamia
Long before the war, the main reference to the Tigris and Eufrates would be as the cradle of human civilization, the birthplace of writing - Mesopotamia, the land between rivers, known as the fertile crescent.
And I was talking about it yesterday with a friend, how we seem to have forgotten all our history in lieu of stories of carnage and invasion. That is why it was so refreshing to find this link to the British Museum exhibit about Mesopotamia, in this post from Rael.
Of course, now that I have found that again, I should sit down and relearn all about Hammurabi, or perhaps read again my favourite, the Epic of Gilgamesh.